Article of manufacture and process of making the same



j PATENT OFFICE.

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; Be it known th'atkI, WALDO G. Monet, a

citizen of the United States, residing in'the city of Yonkers, county .of Westchestenand State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Article of Manufacture and f Process of Making the Same, of which the varying intensities in projected rays of light, v11 s following is a-specific'ation.

My invention relates to an artlcle of manufacture useful and for use in the transfusion of light and its dissemination and rocess of making the same, and has for its'o Jects the rendering visible of images represented by andthe production of visible Lmages in such manner upon either'side or both sides of sheets of material, screenaor film's as herein! after set forth.

' oses' of my invention as hereinafter set orth is such that the results described may be accomplished and carried out in various ways and by the employment of different 7 materials without in any the spirit of said invention.

wise departing from In carrying out my in vention, I have em played and referably use a combination of oxidizing 01, such as linseed oil with a vehicle co-called, tobeused as a constituent part of a coating to be employ after set forth. I 7

1 With and into said vehicle is incorporated a pigmentso-called in the art, consisting of finely powdered magnesium carbonate or the common magnesia as known to pharmacists, said igment being incor rated with said vehic e preferably throng the akin'g ofa paste or thick cream through the echanical mixture of the turpentine or othe light oil 'with the magnesia and the'subsequent addition of the other oils, or in any manner well as herein view, my

lighter oil, such as turpentine, and a whiteor other dryer, together forming a fluid or m amjw April 16, 1924. Serial No. 105,521

and which would .be understood by known those familiar with the art.

suitable for a support,-translu cent or capable of becoming translucent when oiled or subj ected to the influence of other material having an effect similar to that of oil, is stretched upon a frame or otherwise conveniently held and upon the surface or surfaces of the same is spread the composition above described, penetrating its substance as mucha's may be, whereupon the entire structure is allowed to stand until the composition shall have been fluences of the atmosphere or shall have been dried or solidified by other means.

The. uantities and amounts of pigment and vehicle above set forth and the proportions of the same may be varied as requ red for the purpose of securing the density neccssary in obtaining varying results in view and effects desired, as hereinafter set forth, andcoats of the said material may be given to one or both sides of a cloth or-other sup, port and additional coats may be given,.on one .or both .sides of, the same, as may be wished;v j I In-practice, I havefound that a mixture of said pigment andvehicle which shall have the consistency of. a very thin oil paint is most desirable for certain purposes, while a very much thicker mixture comparable to a varnish, is desirable for other purposes as hereinafterspecified."

ti'ele of manufacture are the employment of The uses to which I. have applied said ar- A piece 'of cloth, .film or other material 7 v solidified under the drying or oxidizing in- .70

sheets of the, same, produced as above described or by the molding of sheets, by means of' theuse of other materials as hereinafter set forth, and which sheets' have been used 7 as screens whereon pictures or otherdevices have been thrown by the use of stereopticon,

moving31ic ture or other pro'ectors, or means for pro ucin differentiate illumination so that the sai pictures or light efiects may appear brilliantly visibleupon both sides 0 said screens simultaneously, or maybe visible or shown niore brilliantly upo th id toward such projecting device, or upon the i projecting device, as? p v side away from said may be desired. v,

1 In 'accomplishingsuch results, brilliancyof image upon the side of the screen toward the projecting. device 'is increased as the or proportion of said pigment is in-.

pentine or light oil which tends to dry with i a dead or dn 1 surface is increased, and-conversely the brilliancy of the image upon the side of. the screen away from the projecting means is heightened by a reduction of the amount of lgmcnt and of turpentine or lent.

' ness or size or with an I be removed. after coolin other light 011, together with an increase of the pro ortionate amount of linseed or other heavy diyi'ng oil, or the exclusive use of the latter.

B such means and in" manner well known to t e art, any desired proportion of luminosity may be secured upon either side of the screen or the same may ,be' equally divided between the two sides of the .screen. Analo ous use may be made of other vehicles when employed. v

Gums or varnishes may be added to the mixture as a means for increasing the thickness of the finished product, heightening sufface' luster and increasing the rilliancy of the image upon the side of the screen away from the projector. i

It is also possible as desired, to give any tint or color to the screen and accordingly to show images upon it, through the employment of stains or colors of such nature that they will not impede the ready transmission of' light.

Also I have employed and have found available for use as above, combinations of gelatine-and' of shellac, either with or without the addition of glycerine as a softener and b means whereof, itis possible through use 0 a heated mixture to produce screens as above described, or if desired, to produce screens! through the casting of plates upon smooth surfaces from which the same may or drying, either independently or prefera ly cast or molded in conjunction with a cloth 'or supporting material, "such as'above described, always em loying, however, magnesia or itsequiva- It'is evident that my invention ma be employed in ways analo ous to those a ove rticularly set forth without in any wise eparting from the principle and means herein described, and that screens may be produced of any desired or re uired thickdesire or uired 4 proportion of luminosity as to the si es toward or. away from the source of li ht.

Screens as above described are ful y available in day-1i ht or in the presence of any ordinary arti cial light, for the reason that the magnesium carbonate above described, possesses the propert of disseminating light with very great brilliancy and rfection,

. and that said powers of transmission and dissemination are. made. available either throughthe massin of the particles of said substance inclose ormation, in which case a very brilliant image is produced on the side of the screen towardthe source of light, or in employin a smaller proportion of said pigment, in w ich case the image may be equally brilliant upon both sides of the screen,or in employing yet smaller proportion of the pigment, in which case the image.

may be bare visible on the side of the screen toward the light, while showing great brilliance on the side of the screen away from the li ht, such effects being made to var at-wi as above set forth through mo ific'ations in the proportions of the materials, as above described.

Such modifications of effect are obtained wlth equal facility when gelatine or shellac or the like is used or any other available gums, I'OSlIlS or similar translucent substances areemployed. Such materials when free from impurities are well known to be transparent, when in physical condition they are massive and with plain surfaces, and to beor become translucent when they are broken u or their surfaces roughened artificially, ut I neither employ nor claim either said means.

The results achieved in the transmission of llght through such screens are obtained by reason of the varying refractive co-efficlents'of the pigment and the .vehicle emloyed respectively and by means of reecting surfaces or facets. This difference of refraction, however, and such reflection are not sufficient in practice asherein described to produce entire opaqueness or impenetrability to light, as is the case with ordinary paints usually employed in the arts, while on the other hand, the rays of light do not penetrate through the material 0 the screen to receive no diffusion or only such diffusion as may be occasioned by the refractive outer surfaces of the screen, but on the contrar are broken up and refracted and reflected in all directions by the numvision.

It is ap parent that varying degrees of fineness 0 material may be employed and I have used for convenience the two grades of heavy and light magnesia as ordinarily found in commerce, employing either of the same by itself or combinin the two, as slightly variant results may obtained, to secure the particular effects desired. Should a completely opaque screen be desired a cured massin I of the particles of magnesia sey a great increase of the quantit employed and thickening of the screen wi I produce such result.

I would note that with theuse of magnesia powdered most finely and incorporated with an excess of vehicle-the separate gains tend to become practically invisible even under the microscope and that the mixture takes on the appearance of a colloid with the semblance of facets alone showing the presence of materials having varying refractive power'.- By means of a choice of vehicles and of magnesia ground to varying degrees of fineness and through varying the time between mixing and application, whatever optical results may desired are readily secured.

It is to be noted that. translucent materials such as precipitated marl, cleaned and separated from impurities and consisting of minute translucent globules, or the like, may be used either alone or in conjuction with magnesium carbonate for the purposes of securing somewhat varying effects inlight transmission.

I have employed finel powdered clear glass and translucent w-ite sand, in the bodies of screens, in each case obtaining exceedin 1y brilliant efi'ects under the influence o projected light.

It is well known that substances which are transparent in massive state, become translucent when subjected to internal fractures and that: saidsubstances when in pulverized form are translucent in greater or less degree. I Z

No surface refraction .is described .or

claimed, Such as may be obtained by sprinkling apowdered translucent material upon an adhesive surface.

Having now described my invention, what I claim to secure 'by Letters Patent is:

1. As an article ofmanufacture'a sheet or film comprising ma esium carbonate in finely divided form an oil.

2. As an' article of manufacture a screen comprising magnesium carbonate and oil, spread .npon a support and hardened.

3. As an article of manufacture, a screen composed of magnesium carbonate in a finely subdivided form and a translucent vehicle hardened into a sheet. 1

4. An intimate mixture of magnesium carbonate and oil in the form of a flexible sheet.

T5. In the manufacture of a translucent screen, the process of intimately mixing a transparent vehicle with a pigment composed of particles of transparent material having an angle of refraction variant from that of the vehicle, spreading the same in a film or sheet and thereafter hardenin the mass into a flexible and non-adhesive s lieet. 6. In the manufacture of a translucent screen, the process of intimately mixing a transparent'vehicle with a translucent pigment com sed of particles of transparent material, aving an angle of refraction variant from that of the vehicle, spreading the same on a cloth or fabric in a film or sheet and thereafter hardening the same into a flexible and non-adhesive sheet.

7. An intimate mixture of a comminuted transparent substance possessing a fixed coeflicient of refraction and a transparent vehicle possessing a 'fixed co-eflicient- 6f refraction differing therefrom hardened into a sheet. v

8. An intimate mixture of a comminuted translucent substance possessing'a fixed coeflicient of refraction and a translucent vehicle possessing a fixed co-eflicient of refractipn differing therefrom hardened into a s eet. i

9. An intimate mixture of a comminuted transparent substance possessing co-eflicients of refractions and a transparent vehiclepossessing a fixed co-eflicient of refracgpn differing therefrom hardened into a eet. i

This specification signed this 8th day of April, 1924.

' WALDQ G. MORSE. 

